7th Grade Notes

here are the last set of notes for chapter 17. It is also the end of the Unit. We will be moving to Asia when chapter 18 begins..... here are the notes


South Africa
Chapter 17
Section 2
Beginning of White Rule
• Prior to whites arriving in 1652, Africans lived there for 1000’s of years
• Dutch-Boers set up first colonies
• Called themselves Afrikaners
• Spoke Afrikaans
• Britain and France arrive in 1700’s
• By late 1800’s whites had forces most natives off the good land
• Cultures Clash
• British vs. Afrikaners (1899-1902)
• Fight over resources
• British forces Afrikaners off farms
• 1910 British created Union of South Africa unifying all land they controlled
• Unequal Treatment
• British passes laws to control land and wealth
• Blacks could only hold low paying jobs
• Segregated land
System of Apartheid
• British grants South Africa independence in 1931
• 1948 Afrikaners win elections
• New Laws Take Hold
– Apartheid- treating whites and non-whites differently
– Apartheid- “apartness”
– Discrimination- treating people differently, and often unfairly based on race, religion, and sex
– Separated into 4 groups- Whites, Blacks, Coloreds, and Asians
– Colored are of mixed races
– 12% are Coloreds and Asian- few rights
– 75%- Blacks practically no rights
– 13%- Whites all rights and privileges
– Effects of Apartheid
– Blacks are forced onto homelands
– Dry, least fertile land
– Not allowed off homelands unless they can prove they are valuable to Whites
– Took away citizenship from Blacks
– Took away right to vote
– 3 non-white groups could only hold low paying jobs and access to lower quality education
– Separated them in all public facilities
– Struggle to End Apartheid
– 1950’s people start to fight Apartheid
– Police fight back violently
– 1970’s countries around the world put pressure on South Africa to end Apartheid
– Stopped trading and lending money
– Banned from the Olympics
– 1990 international pressure forced F.W. de Klerk (president) to begin abolishing policies
– Nelson Mandela- Jailed leader of ANC during 50’ and 60’s. Becomes South Africa’s first post Apartheid president and de Klerk is V.P. in 1994
Building a New Nation
• ANC and Mandela win easily when everyone is allowed to vote
• New Challenges
– End divided society
– Educate all races
– Better jobs for all
– Write a new constitution (1996)
• Democracy Continues
– June 1999 2nd elections
– With Mandela retiring, Thabo Mbeki runs as ANC candidate
– Mbeki wins
– Able to focus on economy and strengthening new democracy
– Mbeki is reelected in 2004