8th Grade

Today we tested on Chapter 3. It was an open note test. I will have them graded and posted on PowerSchool by Friday. I have hhigh expectations on this one.

The notes are long, but you do not have History again until Tuesday next week. That gives you 6 days to do these. We will have an open note quiz just to check who did them.

Here are the notes

The 13 English Colonies
Chapter 4
Section 1 New England Colonies
• Puritans leave England for Massachusetts
– Wanted to separate from Roman Catholic Church
– Mainly well educated
– Persecuted by Charles I
– Given the charter to form Mass. Bay Company
– Non-first sons wanted to go in hopes of a better future
– Society based on biblical law
• Governing a Colony
– 1629 John Winthrop and 1000 colonists arrive
– Winthrop chosen as first governor
– Originally only stockholders had the right to vote
– Colonists resented taxes and laws passed without their input
– Eventually any male church member could vote
– General Court formed and used elected officials
– 1629-1640 colony grew to 15,000
– This movement of people became known as the Great migration
– Boston grew into the colony’s largest town
Problems in Massachusetts Bay
The questioning of authority was frowned upon
• Unhappy colonists were forced to leave
• This lead to the formation of new colonies in New England
• Thomas Hooker Founds Connecticut
• 1636- Hooker a minister leaves M.Bay
• Settled along the Connecticut River
• Believed officials in Mass. Bay had too much power
• Wanted a colony with strict limits on govt.
• Gets its own charter in 1662
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• All men had the right to vote
• Limited governments powers
• Roger Williams Settles Rhode Island
• Also left Mass. Bay due to disagreements
• Minister
• Good ideas but alarming to Puritan leaders
• Church had too much power in Mass. Bay
• Believed in separation of church and state
• Religious Tolerance- willingness to allow the practice of one’s own beliefs
• 1635 ordered to leave Mass. Bay
• Fled so as not to be sent back to England
• People flocked to Rhode Island
• Anne Hutchinson Speaks Out
• Devout Puritan
• Began to question Puritan authority privately
• Women should not have the power to explain God’s Laws
• 1637 brought before Mass. General Court
• Held her own until she claimed God spoke to her
• 1638 left for Rhode Island with family & friends
• Became a symbol for religious freedom
Puritans at War with Native Americans
• Originally contact between colonists and Native Americans was good
• As more settlers arrived, fighting broke out over land.
• 1670- 45,000 settlers in New England, on Native American land
• 1675- Largest conflict- Metacom’s(King Phillip) tribe attacked settlers. Destroyed 12 towns and killed 600+ settlers
• After more than a year of fighting, Metacom captured and killed, his family and about 1000 Indians were sold into slavery
• For years this pattern of expansion and fighting would continue
Life in New England Towns and Villages
• Tightly knit religious towns and villages
• Sabbath- religious holy day- taken very serious
• All day church activities were the only thing allowed
• Women and men separated at church
• Blacks and Indians sat in the balcony
• Children had a separate section as well
• Government
• Town Meetings- discussed and voted on issues
• Gave settlers a chance to speak their minds
• Encouraged growth of democratic ideas
• Economy
• Poor soil
• Good forests for lumber and hunting
• Sawmills were built
• Fishing- cod for food, whales for oil and other products
• Decline of the Puritans
• 1700’S decline of Puritan traditions
• Fewer people leaving England for religious reasons
• Ministers loosing influence