Hope all had a great Thanksgiving. I know I had so much to be thankful for this year. That day has passed however and it is back to the grindstone until Christmas Break. We will be starting Chapter 7 on Tuesday. It is about the Constitution. You will be tested over 2 things in this chapter.
1) The material in the chapter
2) The Constitution handout with the Preamble, Articles, and the Amendments on it
Please do not blow this off. You will want to do well on these 2 assessments. Most of you need the points after the Chapter 6 notes and study guide fiasco.
See you Monday
Mr. C
Friday, November 26, 2010
7th Grade
Happy Thanksgiving. Hope all of you had a great and wonderful time on Thursday. Now sadly it is time to get back to work. Here are the notes for section 12-4. We will quiz over this section on Monday. Do not forget.......you will be having an Africa Map Test towards the end of this unit. I would not procrastinate on this. Start now!! Our blog has 2 great map sites to help you learn the countries of Africa.
Be safe and have fun.
Independence and Its Challenges
Chapter 12
Section 4
Growth of Nationalism
Nationalism- feeling of pride in ones homeland
Political Parties and Nationalism
with the withdrawal of colonial powers, unity must be built. Groups did not like each other
1912 South African Native National Congress is formed. Shortened to ANC
Protested laws
Pan-Africanism
The belief that all Africans should work together for rights and freedom
Slogan- Africa for Africans
Leopold Senghor- leader of Pan-African movement. Becomes Senegal’s first president when it gains independence in 1960
Africa and World War II
WWII, Germany, and Italy invades North Africa, and Ethiopia
Countries of Africa contributed needed supplies to Allied forces
African airfields were used to launch attacks and carry supplies
Approx. 450,000 African took part in WWII on the side of the British
Fought for British Freedom, now they wanted their freedom
Different Paths to Independence
With the victory in WWII, Africans were even more inspired to gain their freedom
Winds of Change
War was costly and holding their colonies was also expensive, something had to give
Some freedom came peacefully, others fought to keep control
Britain gave-in freely
France- made them fight for it
From Gold Coast to Ghana
Boycott- refusal to buy or use certain products
Through a series of peaceful protests and boycotts, Gold Coast gain independence from Britain and renames itself Ghana (1957)
War in Algeria
France sees Algeria as more than a colony. They see it as part of France.
Not willing to give it up peacefully
1954 war breaks out
100,000 Algerians and 10,000 French dead
After an 8 year war and in 1962, Algeria gain independence
Challenges of Independence
No real governmental leadership. No experience
Colonial powers left after independence was granted and left them to “figure it out”
Military control in most countries
Few rights, no better than before
Building Democracy
Democracy- citizens exercise power through elected officials
Most African countries are less than 50 years old. This process takes time. Consider how long the U.S. took to get to where we are.
Be safe and have fun.
Independence and Its Challenges
Chapter 12
Section 4
Growth of Nationalism
Nationalism- feeling of pride in ones homeland
Political Parties and Nationalism
with the withdrawal of colonial powers, unity must be built. Groups did not like each other
1912 South African Native National Congress is formed. Shortened to ANC
Protested laws
Pan-Africanism
The belief that all Africans should work together for rights and freedom
Slogan- Africa for Africans
Leopold Senghor- leader of Pan-African movement. Becomes Senegal’s first president when it gains independence in 1960
Africa and World War II
WWII, Germany, and Italy invades North Africa, and Ethiopia
Countries of Africa contributed needed supplies to Allied forces
African airfields were used to launch attacks and carry supplies
Approx. 450,000 African took part in WWII on the side of the British
Fought for British Freedom, now they wanted their freedom
Different Paths to Independence
With the victory in WWII, Africans were even more inspired to gain their freedom
Winds of Change
War was costly and holding their colonies was also expensive, something had to give
Some freedom came peacefully, others fought to keep control
Britain gave-in freely
France- made them fight for it
From Gold Coast to Ghana
Boycott- refusal to buy or use certain products
Through a series of peaceful protests and boycotts, Gold Coast gain independence from Britain and renames itself Ghana (1957)
War in Algeria
France sees Algeria as more than a colony. They see it as part of France.
Not willing to give it up peacefully
1954 war breaks out
100,000 Algerians and 10,000 French dead
After an 8 year war and in 1962, Algeria gain independence
Challenges of Independence
No real governmental leadership. No experience
Colonial powers left after independence was granted and left them to “figure it out”
Military control in most countries
Few rights, no better than before
Building Democracy
Democracy- citizens exercise power through elected officials
Most African countries are less than 50 years old. This process takes time. Consider how long the U.S. took to get to where we are.
Friday, November 19, 2010
8th Grade
8th grade will be testing over Chapter 6 on Wednesday the day before Thanksgiving Break. They have all the notes, lots and lots of handouts and summaries galore. Please help your student my making sure they are studying.
Thanks
Mr. C
Thanks
Mr. C
12-3 Notes
We will quiz over this section(12-3) on Tuesday. Please be sure you are studying. 10 minutes every night.
European Conquest of Africa
Chapter 12
Section 3
Europeans on the Coast
Pre 1500’s Europe and Africa were trade equals
1500’s- saw Europe enslavement and forced migration of Africans
1800’s end of slavery and Europeans turned their attention to Africa’s natural resources
1900’s Europeans carve up and divide Africa amongst themselves
Portuguese Exploration
Portuguese were looking to by pass Northern African traders and deal directly with West Africa
Gold and Ivory
Sailing improvements- triangle shaped sail and the astrolabe
A Change in Trade Relations
Europe and Africa were originally trade equals
Trading goods for goods
1498 Portuguese ships rounded southern tip of Africa and up the east coast
They were amazed by east Africa’s wealth
More Portuguese ships quickly arrive
Seized control of east Africa’s wealth and would control it well into the 1600’s
European Trade Spreads
Dutch, French and English soon follow
Trading posts all along Africa’s coasts
Dutch settle the Cape of Good Hope
Europeans spread by force if needed
Relationship between Africans and Europeans sours
Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery was common in Africa before 1500
A temporary situation
Property, bought and sold like goods
Europeans living in Africa bought slaves and sent them back to Europe and to America
Europeans rarely freed their slaves
The Demand for Slaves
Americans originally used Native Americans as slaves but they did not hold up well.
African slaves were healthier and stronger
Better at farming, miners, and metal workers
Easier to adapt to the climate
Unfamiliar with the territory so less likely to run away
Slave Trade Begins
Some African nations refused to take part
Others sold conquered Africans into slavery
1780- 80,000 slaves were being shipped across the Atlantic per year
Horrors of Slavery
Branding
Filthy conditions on ships
Over crowding
Little food or water
20 percent death rate on the ride over
Beatings
Europeans Colonize Africa
African’s resisted European colonization, but old guns and Europe’s modern weapons were a problem for Africa
Scramble for Africa
European countries competed, but did not want it to lead to a European war
1848- Berlin Conference- divided Africa
1900 majority of Africa is colonized
1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia are independent
Effect of European Control
European countries used a variety of governing techniques to control African
From direct control secondary governments, the ultimate result was Africans were powerless
Encouraged rivalries among ethnic groups
Europeans took the best land for farming
New political boundaries formed without consideration to tribal, ethnic groups
As long as Europe controlled Africa the conflicts were limited…when the left, chaos
European Conquest of Africa
Chapter 12
Section 3
Europeans on the Coast
Pre 1500’s Europe and Africa were trade equals
1500’s- saw Europe enslavement and forced migration of Africans
1800’s end of slavery and Europeans turned their attention to Africa’s natural resources
1900’s Europeans carve up and divide Africa amongst themselves
Portuguese Exploration
Portuguese were looking to by pass Northern African traders and deal directly with West Africa
Gold and Ivory
Sailing improvements- triangle shaped sail and the astrolabe
A Change in Trade Relations
Europe and Africa were originally trade equals
Trading goods for goods
1498 Portuguese ships rounded southern tip of Africa and up the east coast
They were amazed by east Africa’s wealth
More Portuguese ships quickly arrive
Seized control of east Africa’s wealth and would control it well into the 1600’s
European Trade Spreads
Dutch, French and English soon follow
Trading posts all along Africa’s coasts
Dutch settle the Cape of Good Hope
Europeans spread by force if needed
Relationship between Africans and Europeans sours
Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery was common in Africa before 1500
A temporary situation
Property, bought and sold like goods
Europeans living in Africa bought slaves and sent them back to Europe and to America
Europeans rarely freed their slaves
The Demand for Slaves
Americans originally used Native Americans as slaves but they did not hold up well.
African slaves were healthier and stronger
Better at farming, miners, and metal workers
Easier to adapt to the climate
Unfamiliar with the territory so less likely to run away
Slave Trade Begins
Some African nations refused to take part
Others sold conquered Africans into slavery
1780- 80,000 slaves were being shipped across the Atlantic per year
Horrors of Slavery
Branding
Filthy conditions on ships
Over crowding
Little food or water
20 percent death rate on the ride over
Beatings
Europeans Colonize Africa
African’s resisted European colonization, but old guns and Europe’s modern weapons were a problem for Africa
Scramble for Africa
European countries competed, but did not want it to lead to a European war
1848- Berlin Conference- divided Africa
1900 majority of Africa is colonized
1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia are independent
Effect of European Control
European countries used a variety of governing techniques to control African
From direct control secondary governments, the ultimate result was Africans were powerless
Encouraged rivalries among ethnic groups
Europeans took the best land for farming
New political boundaries formed without consideration to tribal, ethnic groups
As long as Europe controlled Africa the conflicts were limited…when the left, chaos
Wednesday, November 17, 2010
7th Grade
Here are 12-2 notes. We did the bulk of these in class. There should only be couple of slides you need to complete from this section. I posted all of them, but you only need to pick up where we left off in class. Again you only need to write the slides we did not get to in class.
Kingdoms, City-States, and Empires
Chapter 12
Section 2
East African Trading Civilizations
East Africa Boundaries: Red Sea, Indian Ocean
Primarily trading centers
Port cities
Arab and African traders settled the area
Aksum- Present day Ethiopia
Controlled trade in the Red Sea
By 200’s A.D. controlled all trade from India to the Mediterranean Sea
Christianity came to Aksum around 300 A.D.
By 600 A.D. Arabs had seized control of the region and Aksum began to decline
Cities of Trade
Sailors used seasonal winds to reach China and India, when winds changed, they sailed back
Took- skins, Ivory, gold and other metals
Brought back- cotton, silk, and porcelain
Islam introduced to region during this time
New language- Swahili- Bantu/Arab language
Most widely spoken language in Africa today
Rise of City-States
City-State- city that has its own traditions, governments, and laws. Both a city and an independent state
Important city-states
Malindi, Mombasa, Kilwa, and Great Zimbabwe
Kilwa
3 and 4 story stone and coral dwellings
Traders paid high taxes to trade there
Conquered by Portugal in the 1500’s
Great Zimbabwe
Inland and east along the Limpopo River
Connected to the east by a system of trade networks all the way to the Indian Ocean
Reached it’s peak of power in about 1300 A.D.
1000’s of people called this walled city home
North African Trading Powers
Boundaries- Sahara and Mediterranean Sea
Phoenicians were the first to explore this region
Rise and Fall of Carthage
Phoenician trading center in present day Tunisia
Wealthiest city in the world at the time
Controlled trade in the Med. Sea from 500-200 B.C.
Taken over by Roman Empire in 146 B.C.
City was destroyed
Roman and Islamic Influences
Cities grew all along North Africa under Roman rule
Christianity spread as well
1000’s of miles of roads to connect its empire
Roman Empire falls in 476 A.D. and competing forces fought over the land until Arabs gained control in 600’s A.D.
Islam spread and replaced Christianity
West African Kingdoms
Based on the trade of salt and gold
No refrigeration at the time so salt was very important
A lot of trading between north and west Africa
Growth of important cities like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai and Forest Kingdoms like Benin
Ghana
Between the Senegal and Niger Rivers
Controlled trade in western Africa
Called the land of gold
High taxes
Mali
Upper Niger River valley
Powerful in mid 1200’s
Kings controlled the flow of salt and gold to the north
Kings were called Mansa-emperor
Most important Mali king was Mansa Musa
20 year reign brought peace to the region
Mansa Musa and the Spread of Islam
Was Muslim himself
Made regular pilgrimages to Mecca
Brought 60,000 people with him
Each of his 80 camels carried 300 lbs of gold
Gave it away as a gift
Europeans heard about his wealth and began buying Mali gold
Songhai
Becomes powerful after Mansa Musa’s death
Tombouctou was Songhai’s major trading center
Important caravan stopping location along the Nile
Greatest Muslim learning center
Songhai declined after northern invaders attacked in 1591
Forest Kingdoms
Benin
late 1200’s
Traded ivory, palm oil and pepper
Worked with bronze, brass, and wood
Created some of the finest sculpture of the time
Trade partners- Africa and Europe
European began to trade guns for slaves
Many African Americans are descendants of these forest kingdoms
Kingdoms, City-States, and Empires
Chapter 12
Section 2
East African Trading Civilizations
East Africa Boundaries: Red Sea, Indian Ocean
Primarily trading centers
Port cities
Arab and African traders settled the area
Aksum- Present day Ethiopia
Controlled trade in the Red Sea
By 200’s A.D. controlled all trade from India to the Mediterranean Sea
Christianity came to Aksum around 300 A.D.
By 600 A.D. Arabs had seized control of the region and Aksum began to decline
Cities of Trade
Sailors used seasonal winds to reach China and India, when winds changed, they sailed back
Took- skins, Ivory, gold and other metals
Brought back- cotton, silk, and porcelain
Islam introduced to region during this time
New language- Swahili- Bantu/Arab language
Most widely spoken language in Africa today
Rise of City-States
City-State- city that has its own traditions, governments, and laws. Both a city and an independent state
Important city-states
Malindi, Mombasa, Kilwa, and Great Zimbabwe
Kilwa
3 and 4 story stone and coral dwellings
Traders paid high taxes to trade there
Conquered by Portugal in the 1500’s
Great Zimbabwe
Inland and east along the Limpopo River
Connected to the east by a system of trade networks all the way to the Indian Ocean
Reached it’s peak of power in about 1300 A.D.
1000’s of people called this walled city home
North African Trading Powers
Boundaries- Sahara and Mediterranean Sea
Phoenicians were the first to explore this region
Rise and Fall of Carthage
Phoenician trading center in present day Tunisia
Wealthiest city in the world at the time
Controlled trade in the Med. Sea from 500-200 B.C.
Taken over by Roman Empire in 146 B.C.
City was destroyed
Roman and Islamic Influences
Cities grew all along North Africa under Roman rule
Christianity spread as well
1000’s of miles of roads to connect its empire
Roman Empire falls in 476 A.D. and competing forces fought over the land until Arabs gained control in 600’s A.D.
Islam spread and replaced Christianity
West African Kingdoms
Based on the trade of salt and gold
No refrigeration at the time so salt was very important
A lot of trading between north and west Africa
Growth of important cities like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai and Forest Kingdoms like Benin
Ghana
Between the Senegal and Niger Rivers
Controlled trade in western Africa
Called the land of gold
High taxes
Mali
Upper Niger River valley
Powerful in mid 1200’s
Kings controlled the flow of salt and gold to the north
Kings were called Mansa-emperor
Most important Mali king was Mansa Musa
20 year reign brought peace to the region
Mansa Musa and the Spread of Islam
Was Muslim himself
Made regular pilgrimages to Mecca
Brought 60,000 people with him
Each of his 80 camels carried 300 lbs of gold
Gave it away as a gift
Europeans heard about his wealth and began buying Mali gold
Songhai
Becomes powerful after Mansa Musa’s death
Tombouctou was Songhai’s major trading center
Important caravan stopping location along the Nile
Greatest Muslim learning center
Songhai declined after northern invaders attacked in 1591
Forest Kingdoms
Benin
late 1200’s
Traded ivory, palm oil and pepper
Worked with bronze, brass, and wood
Created some of the finest sculpture of the time
Trade partners- Africa and Europe
European began to trade guns for slaves
Many African Americans are descendants of these forest kingdoms
7th Grade Notes
Below are notes for 12-1 we will be quizzing over both sections 1 and 2 of Chapter 12 on Friday.
African Beginnings
Chapter 12
Section1
Changing Survival Skills
Hunter-Gatherers
Nomadic – moved with herds
Hunted animals for meat
Collected fruits, nuts, and roots
Made tools from stone
This age became known as the Stone Age
Farming and Herding
Earliest farming probably in Northern Africa- present day Sahara Desert
In the beginning harvested wild grains
Then collected seeds
Then kept seeds from stronger plants and threw out seeds from weaker plants
This is called domestication-adapting plants or animals for human use.
Early Settlements
Domestication of plants and animals meant people could stop being nomadic
Most early settlements were by water sources
Mainly rivers
Transportation
Food
Fertile soil
Surpluses allowed for specialization outside of farming
Civilizations on the Nile River
Civilizations- society with cities, a government, and social classes
Architecture, system of writing, and art also
Social Class- group of people with similar backgrounds, wealth and way of living
Formed mainly out of occupation
2 earliest civilizations were the Egyptians and the Nubians
Egypt- 5000 B.C
Nile River Valley
Good soil for farming- fresh silt from flooding
Transportation
Food Source
Ruled by kings (Pharaohs) and queens that were treated and worshiped like Gods
Built temples (pyramids) to honor them
Hieroglyphs- system of writing using symbols
Specialization allowed them to develop skills like paper-making, architecture, astronomy, and medicine
Nubia- 6000 B.C.
South of Egypt along the Nile
Napata- greatest Nubian Civilization
724 B.C. Nubians of Napata conquered Egypt
Meroe- Weaker Nubian civilization, conquered by Ethiopians from Aksum around 350 A.D.
The Bantu Migration
4000 years ago in Africa, one of the largest migrations takes place
Bantu speaking peoples began to move
Southern migration from west-central Africa into south-east and south-west Africa
Why Migrate?
No one knows for sure
May have been the new ability to farm the rainforests
overpopulation
Over 100’s of years Bantu speaking people spread all across Central and Southern Africa
Bantus Spread Their Language
People were living in regions where Bantus migrated to but Bantu language and culture came to dominate all regions they inhabited
Language and Ethnic Groups
Ethnic Groups- group that shares language, religion, family ties, and customs
Shared history
Most of today’s Africans in Southern and Central Africa speak Bantu (200 million)
African Beginnings
Chapter 12
Section1
Changing Survival Skills
Hunter-Gatherers
Nomadic – moved with herds
Hunted animals for meat
Collected fruits, nuts, and roots
Made tools from stone
This age became known as the Stone Age
Farming and Herding
Earliest farming probably in Northern Africa- present day Sahara Desert
In the beginning harvested wild grains
Then collected seeds
Then kept seeds from stronger plants and threw out seeds from weaker plants
This is called domestication-adapting plants or animals for human use.
Early Settlements
Domestication of plants and animals meant people could stop being nomadic
Most early settlements were by water sources
Mainly rivers
Transportation
Food
Fertile soil
Surpluses allowed for specialization outside of farming
Civilizations on the Nile River
Civilizations- society with cities, a government, and social classes
Architecture, system of writing, and art also
Social Class- group of people with similar backgrounds, wealth and way of living
Formed mainly out of occupation
2 earliest civilizations were the Egyptians and the Nubians
Egypt- 5000 B.C
Nile River Valley
Good soil for farming- fresh silt from flooding
Transportation
Food Source
Ruled by kings (Pharaohs) and queens that were treated and worshiped like Gods
Built temples (pyramids) to honor them
Hieroglyphs- system of writing using symbols
Specialization allowed them to develop skills like paper-making, architecture, astronomy, and medicine
Nubia- 6000 B.C.
South of Egypt along the Nile
Napata- greatest Nubian Civilization
724 B.C. Nubians of Napata conquered Egypt
Meroe- Weaker Nubian civilization, conquered by Ethiopians from Aksum around 350 A.D.
The Bantu Migration
4000 years ago in Africa, one of the largest migrations takes place
Bantu speaking peoples began to move
Southern migration from west-central Africa into south-east and south-west Africa
Why Migrate?
No one knows for sure
May have been the new ability to farm the rainforests
overpopulation
Over 100’s of years Bantu speaking people spread all across Central and Southern Africa
Bantus Spread Their Language
People were living in regions where Bantus migrated to but Bantu language and culture came to dominate all regions they inhabited
Language and Ethnic Groups
Ethnic Groups- group that shares language, religion, family ties, and customs
Shared history
Most of today’s Africans in Southern and Central Africa speak Bantu (200 million)
Thursday, November 11, 2010
8th Grade
It was been a little while since I posted so here is an update. We are working our way through the American Revolution. We have talked about all the lead up and have studied the opening battles and advantages for both sides. The students have plenty of work to fill their 10 minutes a night. They have 4 sections of notes, hand outs galore and a study guide. Please make sure your student is studying 10 minutes every night. Exposure is key. We are quizzing every other class period and will have a chapter test down the road. Thank you for all your hard work at home and helping your student stay focused and successful.
Mr. C
Mr. C
7th Grade
It has been a few class periods since I have posted anything. Here is a catch up for all. We tested today over Chapter 11 and the students worked on an extra credit assignment after they finished the test. We will be working our way through Africa over the remainder if the quarter and into the third quarter. We have almost reached the half way point of the second quarter already!!! Progress reports will be out before you know it. Parents pleas continue to make sure your student is studying 10 minutes a night. They have plenty to review, they can watch clips on here, copy the notes into their notebooks, or work on their study guides. 10 minutes.....they need to be studying 10 minutes a night.
Thanks for your time
Mr. C
Thanks for your time
Mr. C
Friday, November 5, 2010
7th grade
Here are the notes for Chapter 11 Section 3. You will have a quiz on Tuesday and we will test over Chapter 11 on Thursday. Please make sure that you are studying 10 minutes every night!! You are not just studying on the days that we have class.
Here are 11-3 notes.....
Resources and Land Use
Chapter 11
Section 3
Agricultural Resources
Most Africans are Farmers
Subsistence Farmers- growing just enough to support one’s own family
They grow wheat and barley in dryer Savannah regions
They grow fruits and vegetables in regions with more rainfall
Ex. corn, rice, fish, goats, and poultry
Crops for Sale
Cash Crop- crops raised for resale
Ex. Coffee beans, tea
Cash crops farming is on the rise
Is leading to food shortages when harvests are light
Also bad when global prices drop. Families struggle for food and money
Harvesting Trees
Hardwoods grow in all regions of Africa
1000’s of acres of trees have been cut down
Tree farmers are now starting to replace what they cut down to counter deforestation
Treating trees like the renewable resource that they are
Natural Resources
Economy-system for producing, distributing, consuming and owning goods and services
Mining, many areas are rich in mineral resources
Ex. Gold, diamonds, petroleum, iron, and coal
Improving Economic Health
Specialized Economy-when a nation is dependent on one type of industry
Strengthening Economies
crops must be successfully grown and sold at a high price for farmers to be successful
Diversity- add variety
In order for most African countries to be successful, they must diversify their economies
More flexible type of economy
More diversified an economy, the stronger the economy, not as fluctuating
Where Does the Money Go?
Mining requires many workers and expensive equipment
Foreign companies take most of Africa’s mineral resources and take profits out of Africa
This does nothing for Africa’s economy
Africa wants to grow it’s manufacturing and refining industries to keep those profits
Here are 11-3 notes.....
Resources and Land Use
Chapter 11
Section 3
Agricultural Resources
Most Africans are Farmers
Subsistence Farmers- growing just enough to support one’s own family
They grow wheat and barley in dryer Savannah regions
They grow fruits and vegetables in regions with more rainfall
Ex. corn, rice, fish, goats, and poultry
Crops for Sale
Cash Crop- crops raised for resale
Ex. Coffee beans, tea
Cash crops farming is on the rise
Is leading to food shortages when harvests are light
Also bad when global prices drop. Families struggle for food and money
Harvesting Trees
Hardwoods grow in all regions of Africa
1000’s of acres of trees have been cut down
Tree farmers are now starting to replace what they cut down to counter deforestation
Treating trees like the renewable resource that they are
Natural Resources
Economy-system for producing, distributing, consuming and owning goods and services
Mining, many areas are rich in mineral resources
Ex. Gold, diamonds, petroleum, iron, and coal
Improving Economic Health
Specialized Economy-when a nation is dependent on one type of industry
Strengthening Economies
crops must be successfully grown and sold at a high price for farmers to be successful
Diversity- add variety
In order for most African countries to be successful, they must diversify their economies
More flexible type of economy
More diversified an economy, the stronger the economy, not as fluctuating
Where Does the Money Go?
Mining requires many workers and expensive equipment
Foreign companies take most of Africa’s mineral resources and take profits out of Africa
This does nothing for Africa’s economy
Africa wants to grow it’s manufacturing and refining industries to keep those profits
Wednesday, November 3, 2010
7th Grade
We are working on Chapter 11. I am posting Section 2 notes below. Today in class we worked on a Climate map. The students were to complete the map for homework if they did not get it completed in class. We will be testing on Thursday of next week over Chapter 11.
Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 11
Section 2
What Influences Climate?
Distance from the Equator
Runs through the midsection of Africa
Tropics also run through Africa
Much of Africa has a tropical climate
Influences not only climate, but also seasons
Role of Elevation
Higher the elevation- colder the temperature
Irrigate- supply with water from another source
Drought-long period with little or no rain
Oasis- a fertile place in the desert with water and vegetation
Unpredictable Rainfall
Because of Africa’s size, rainfall varies from region to region
West Coast and Central Africa get a lot
North and South get very little
Vegetation Regions of Africa
Tropical Rain Forests
Covers close to 20% of Africa
Lush vegetation and variety of wildlife
Farming, Fishing, Hunting, Logging
Tropical Savannas
2 seasons- dry and wet
Tall grasses and scattered trees
Large pack animals
Farming(wet season) Trade(dry season)
Desert Living
Nomads- people who have no permanent home
They follow trade routes or migrating animals
Live up in the mountain regions during rainy season and around oases during dry seasons
Make a living trading, herding, or caravan leaders
Climate & Health
Sleeping Sickness
Tsetse Fly- found in 1/5 of Africa
A bite can kill a cow
A bite to a human causes “sleeping sickness”
Malaria
Spread by mosquitoes
Moist climates- breed in swamps or standing water
Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 11
Section 2
What Influences Climate?
Distance from the Equator
Runs through the midsection of Africa
Tropics also run through Africa
Much of Africa has a tropical climate
Influences not only climate, but also seasons
Role of Elevation
Higher the elevation- colder the temperature
Irrigate- supply with water from another source
Drought-long period with little or no rain
Oasis- a fertile place in the desert with water and vegetation
Unpredictable Rainfall
Because of Africa’s size, rainfall varies from region to region
West Coast and Central Africa get a lot
North and South get very little
Vegetation Regions of Africa
Tropical Rain Forests
Covers close to 20% of Africa
Lush vegetation and variety of wildlife
Farming, Fishing, Hunting, Logging
Tropical Savannas
2 seasons- dry and wet
Tall grasses and scattered trees
Large pack animals
Farming(wet season) Trade(dry season)
Desert Living
Nomads- people who have no permanent home
They follow trade routes or migrating animals
Live up in the mountain regions during rainy season and around oases during dry seasons
Make a living trading, herding, or caravan leaders
Climate & Health
Sleeping Sickness
Tsetse Fly- found in 1/5 of Africa
A bite can kill a cow
A bite to a human causes “sleeping sickness”
Malaria
Spread by mosquitoes
Moist climates- breed in swamps or standing water
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